This review examines the configurations of corporate governance mechanisms
and their influence on sustainable development outcomes. Drawing on critical
theoretical frameworks, including agency theory, stakeholder theory and
resource dependence theory, the review explores how board composition,
executive compensation and ownership structures impact environmental, social
and governance performance. By addressing cultural, regulatory and industryspecific
contexts, this article highlights how these factors shape the effectiveness
of governance mechanisms in promoting sustainability. Methodological choices
are discussed, with attention to the limitations of excluding non-empirical and
non-firm-level studies. The review also underscores the need for greater inclusion
of participatory governance and community engagement practices to drive
meaningful sustainability outcomes. Case studies and examples illustrate practical
applications of these governance mechanisms in diverse settings. The review concludes
by identifying critical research gaps. It offers recommendations for future
studies, emphasising the need for longitudinal and mixed-method approaches to
deepen understanding of governance’s role in sustainable development. These
findings provide actionable insights for scholars, practitioners and policymakers
seeking to enhance corporate governance to support global sustainability goals.